Motorcycle batteries

An index case is the patient that serves as the central point of reference in a disease outbreak. This may be the initial case identified in an outbreak. A synonym may be patient zero. The first generation of cases from the index case are primary cases. Cases that arise from the primary cases are considered secondary cases. The concepts of an index case, proband, and informant are similar but arise from different disciplines. Babbage has a great description of informants in sociological research. (Babbage 2007) The index case is typically used by disease outbreak (usually an infectious disease) invesitgators, epidemiologists, physicians, and communicable disease nusres to describe the the case that is noticed first in an case series, outbreak or epidemic. The proband is used in genetics to describe the case that seeks treatment first. The proband case typically is a disease that has a genetic basis. In sociological research conducted in the field an informant is sometimes used to overcome obstacles to recognizing culturally specific information. A proband and index case may also be used as an informant in disease outbreak investigations. Epidemiology, genetics, and sociological research may overlap. In these cases, the terms may be used interchangeably.

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In mathematics, an Ikeda map is a discrete-time dynamical system given by

<math> x_{n+1} = 1 + u (x_n \cos t_n - y_n \sin t_n), \, </math>

<math> y_{n+1} = u (x_n \sin t_n + y_n \cos t_n), \, </math>

where u is a parameter and

<math> t_n = 0.4 - \frac{6}{1+x_n^2+y_n^2}. </math>

For some values of u, this system has a chaotic attractor.

Attractor

This shows how the attractor of the system changes as the parameter <math>u</math> is varied from 0.0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.01. The Ikeda dynamical system is simulated for 500 steps, starting from 20000 randomly placed starting points. The last 20 points of each trajectory are plotted to depict the attractor. Note the bifurcation of attractor points as <math>u</math> is increased.

Point trajectories

The plots below show trajectories of 200 random points for various values of <math>u</math>. The inset plot on the left shows an estimate of the attractor while the inset on the right shows a zoomed in view of the main trajectory plot.

MATLAB code for point trajectories

The MATLAB code to generate these plots is given below:

% u = ikeda parameter
% option = what to plot
%  'trajectory' - plot trajectory of random starting points
%  'limit' - plot the last few iterations of random starting points
function ikeda(u, option)

P = 200;%how many starting points
N = 1000;%how many iterations
Nlimit = 20; %plot these many last points for 'limit' option

x = randn(1,P)*10;%the random starting points
y = randn(1,P)*10;

for n=1:P,
    X = compute_ikeda_trajectory(u, x(n), y(n), N);

    switch option
    case 'trajectory' %plot the trajectories of a bunch of points
        plot_ikeda_trajectory(X);hold on;

    case 'limit'
        plot_limit(X, Nlimit); hold on;

    otherwise
        disp('Not implemented');
    end
end

axis tight; axis equal
text(-25,-15,['u = ' num2str(u)]);
text(-25,-18,['N = ' num2str(N) ' iterations']);

% Plot the last n points of the curve - to see end point or limit cycle
function plot_limit(X,n)
plot(X(end-n:end,1),X(end-n:end,2),'ko');

% Plot the whole trajectory
function plot_ikeda_trajectory(X)
plot(X(:,1),X(:,2),'k');
%hold on; plot(X(1,1),X(1,2),'bo','markerfacecolor','g'); hold off

%u is the ikeda parameter
%x,y is the starting point
%N is the number of iterations
function [X] = compute_ikeda_trajectory(u, x, y, N)

X = zeros(N,2);
X(1,:) = [x y];

for n = 2:N

    t = 0.4 - 6/(1 + x^2 + y^2);
    x1 = 1 + u*(x*cos(t) - y*sin(t)) ;
    y1 = u*(x*sin(t) + y*cos(t)) ;
    x = x1;
    y = y1;

    X(n,:) = [x y];

end

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Start can refer to multiple topics:

• Takeoff, the phase of flight where an aircraft transitions from moving along the ground to flying through the air
  
• Start signal, in telecommunications
• Start date, in filmmaking
• Start Button and Start Menu, elements in the Windows GUI
• Start, Louisiana, a town
• I.K. Start, a Norwegian football club from the town of Kristiansand
• Start (newspaper), a daily tabloid published in Serbia
• START I, strategic arms reduction treaty
  • START II
• START-1, a Russian launch vehicle
• Simple triage and rapid treatment
• Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak, a nuclear fusion experiment
• START natural language system, SynTactic Analysis using Reversible Transformations
• Start (cereal), Popular breakfast cereal produced by Kelloggs since 1980s. (UK Mainly)
• START Windows DOS commandline command

In music:

• theSTART, an American punk rock band
• Start (Bada album), a single album by Korean singer Bada
• START (album), an album by Stefanie Sun

See also

• Starting line, disambiguation page
• Start Point, disambiguation page
• Start-up, disambiguation page

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This is a list of motorcycle deaths in U.S. by year from 1997 to 2004. In just eight years, motorcycle deaths have almost doubled in the United States.

Number of motorcycle deaths per year, U.S.:

• 1997—2,116
• 1998—2,294
• 1999—2,483
• 2000—2,897
• 2001—3,197 (some NHTSA lists show 3,181)
• 2002—3,244
• 2003—3,661 (some NHTSA lists show 3,714)
• 2004—4,008
• 2005—4,553

Since 1980, motorcycle ownership among riders aged 40 and over has increased dramatically, from 15.1 percent in 1980 to 43.7 percent in 1998. The mean engine displacement of the motorcycles involved in fatal crashes has also increased, from an average engine size of 769cc in 1990, to 959cc in 2001, an increase of 24.7 percent.
This combination of older riders on higher-powered motorcycles is partially responsible for a steady increase in motorcycle deaths from the late 1990s until 2004.

Half of motorcycle fatalities in single vehicle crashes relate to problems negotiating a curve prior to a crash—almost 60 percent of motorcyclist fatalities in single vehicle crashes occur at night.

References

NHTSA - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

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This is a list of telecom companies operating in the city of Solapur in India. The city has basic landline operators as well as Cell phone operators. Land line numbers are 7 digits long, whereas GSM / CDMA cellular operators are 10 digits long.

Land Line

• BSNL: The largest and oldest operator in the telephone business in the government owned BHARAT Sanchar Nigam Limited(BSNL). BSNL phone numbers start with the prefix ‘2′.
• Tata Indicom: (Formerly Hughes Telecom)A new entrant, it has garnered sizable suscribers. Tata Indicom is a relatively new player taking over Hughes Telecom in 2002. Its numbers start with ‘5′.
• Reliance Infocomm: Reliance Infocomm is the largest mobile operator in India. Apart from mobile services, they also provide fixed wireless phones and fixed wireless terminals.

GSM Operators

• Idea : The largest GSM operator in Maharashtra is Idea. It has a large user base and has a large network. Idea numbers start with ‘9820′ or ‘9819′ and are 10 digits long.
• BPL group: BPL is a veteran in mobile telephony. However, it is not as large as Idea. BPL numbers start with ‘9821′ or ‘9870′ and are 10 digits long.
• Airtel: Airtel started operations in Mumbai in 2002-2003. It has rapidly grown in numbers since then. Airtel has the advantage of being a national player. Airtel is owned by Bharti Group. Airtel numbers start with ‘9892′ and are 10 digits long.
• Cellone: Celloneis the GSM branch of BSNL. It is state owned and is the smallest player among the GSM companies.

CDMA

CDMA operations make use of Wireless Local Loop (WLL). CDMA operations were launched in 2002.

• Reliance Infocomm: Reliance Infocomm is the largest mobile operator in India. It has a huge user base and extends to small towns. Operations started in 2003. Numbers start with ‘93′ and are 10 digits long.
• Tata Indicom: Tata Indicom, like Reliance also offers CDMA connections. Tata now has operations on a national scale. Numbers start with ‘92′ and are 10 digits long.

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BootX is the name of the boot loader used on Apple’s PowerPC-based Macintosh computers to load Mac OS X. BootX locates the operating system kernel and the drivers necessary to start the operating system, loads them into system memory, and launches the kernel. It is part of the Darwin operating system layer and is open source under the APSL.

BootX is also the name of a graphical bootloader developed by Benjamin Herrenschmidt, which runs as an application or an extension to Mac OS 8 and 9 that allows Old World Apple computers to boot Linux. It is no longer maintained by its original author, as it does not work with any current hardware, but it is still available, and further development may be possible. It is one of three Linux bootloaders which may be used on most Old World Apple computers, the others being miBoot (included, but also independently enhanced by Jeff Carr of LinuxPPC, Inc.), and quik [1]. New World Macs use a different bootloader, yaboot, for booting Linux.

Finally, BootX was also the name of anti-virus software for the Amiga between 1989 and 1994.

External links

MacOS X BootX:

• Apple Developer Connection: The Boot Process
• Booting Mac OS X at kernelthread.com

LinuxPPC BootX:

• The BootX Bootloader at penguinppc.org

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The Group of 24 (G24), a chapter of the G-77, was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters.

The group, which is officially called the Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development, is not an organ of the IMF, but the IMF provides secretariat services for the Group. Its meetings usually take place twice a year, prior to the IMFC and Development Committee meetings, to enable developing country members to discuss agenda items beforehand. Although membership in the G-24 is strictly limited to 24 countries, any member of the G-77 can join discussions. China has been a “special invitee” since the Gabon meetings of 1981. Felisa Miceli, argentine Ex minister of Economy, is the current chairman of the G-24.

External links

• Official site

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