Motorcycle batteries

KMZ redirects here. For the GoogleEarth File with that extension see Keyhole Markup Language

Dnepr Днепр (Russian), or Dnipro Дніпро (Ukrainian), is the brand name of heavy motorcycles produced in Kiev, Ukraine. It has been in use since 1967.

Motorcycles have been produced in Kiev since 1946 at the Kiev Motorcycle Plant (Kievskiy Mototsikletniy Zavod, Киевский Мотоциклетниий Завод, KMZ, КМЗ). Initial production was of a 98cc 2-stroke model that was confiscated from the German firm Wanderer as reparations. The original design for KMZ heavy motorcycles, and their cousin the IMZ, is taken from the pre-WWII German BMW motorcycle R71, which the Soviet Union licensed in 1940. The plant and equipment needed to make the M-72 (the Soviet derivative of the BMW R71) was transferred from the Gorkiy Motorcycle Plant (Gorky Mototsikletniy Zavod, GMZ located in the city of Gorkiy (Nizhny Novgorod) in 1949. The first batch of M-72 motorcycles was produced in 1952 with the supply of 500 engines from IMZ. In 1958 KMZ replaced the plunger framed M72-N with the swingarm framed K-750. (This frame may have been modeled after the post 1955 BMW duplex frame). In 1964 KMZ introduced a military model, the MV-750 with a differential two-wheel drive to the sidecar wheel. In 1967, to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, KMZ released their first OHV engine in the “Dnepr” K-650. Unlike the earlier sidevalve engines with their roller bearing crankshafts, this engine featured a sleeve bearing crankshaft as found in the WWII Zündapp KS750. The K-650 was superseded by model MT-9 650cc, which was available in both solo and sidecar models (often referred to as the best “Cossack” as it was reliable and had all the good features. The MT-10 was the first Soviet motorcycle to feature 12volt electrics.

The Dnepr is famous for its off-road capability. Armed services models equipped with sidecars had two-wheel drive and as much as fifteen centimetres (6 in) of ground clearance. The present engine is a 650cc OHV boxer twin. Modern models are sold with engines ranging from the factory standard 650 to 750 and 1000cc. Some models have been spotted sporting aftermarket 1000 Hatz diesel, BMW, and even VW car engines.

These motorcycles have featured in many films like Indiana Jones and used prominently in the movie Garden State, with Zach Braff.

Between 1973 and 1979 Dnepr was one of the makes marketed by Satra in the United Kingdom as Cossack motorcycles. “Russian Motorcycle UK History” at Russian Motorcycle Manuals (Retrieved 30 November 2006)

Since demise of U.S.S.R. the factory had fallen on very hard times. Production decreased to only remnants of former glory. All shops were closed, and machine tools were taken out of the city limits.

References

“Entsiklopediya Mototsiklov. Firmi. Modeli. Konstruktsii.”, Za Rulem, Moscow (2003).
Энциклопедия Мотоциклов. Фирмы. Модели. Конструкции. - За Рулем - Москва (2003) ISBN 5-85907-340-2

External links

• The KMZ official site
• Ural factory website

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Shahdol is a city and a municipality in Shahdol district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Shahdol District.

Geography

Shahdol is located at Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Shahdol. It has an average elevation of 464 metres (1522 feet).
coor title dm|23|17|N|81|21|E|region:IN_type:city

Shahdol district has been blessed with lush green forests, natural wealth of Coal, Minerals and with primitive Tribal population

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Shahdol had a population of 78,583. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Shahdol has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 69%. In Shahdol, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Main forms of transportation are bullock cart, scooters and rickshaws. Very close to Bandhavgarh National Park.

References

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The Z50M was the first Z50 Series mini bike for sale produced by Honda Motorcycles. It was released in 1967 to the European and Japanese markets, becoming one of Honda’s first practical mini bikes. Although the Z50M was theoretically road worthy, it did not have various safety components and was therefore mostly just used just for fun off road. Though these bikes are not extinct today, these mini bikes are some of the least common of the Z50 series left running.

External links

• The Honda Mini Trail 50 Motorcycle Information Website

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L Sid is an album by Leo Sidran. It was released on February 15, 2000 on Go Jazz Records. All of the songs were written by Leo Sidran.

Track listing

1. “43 Con Piña” - 4:39
2. “What We Know” - 3:39
3. “Home” - 3:39
4. “In The Stars” (En Las Estrellas) - 4:22
5. “Better Off Alone” - 3:21
6. “Old Enough” - 4:42
7. “Pushing & Shoving” - 2:48
8. “Sevillanas” - 3:44
9. “It Wasn’t Supposed To Happen This Way” - 4:16
10. “La Mitad” - 4:00
11. “Hypnotized” - 5:02
12. “Gloria” - 4:02
13. “I’m Gone” - 3:04
14. “Enjoy Yourself” - 4:33
15. “Times Before” - 3:38

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Absorbent glass mat (AGM) is a class of VRLA lead-acid battery in which the electrolyte is absorbed into a fiberglass mat. The plates in an AGM battery may be flat like wetcell lead-acid battery, or they may be wound in a tight spiral. Their unique (for lead acid chemistries) construction also allows for the lead in their plates to be purer as they no longer need to support their own weight as in traditional cells. Their internal resistance is lower than traditional cells, they handle higher temperatures better, and self discharge more slowly.

These batteries have a pressure relief valve which will activate when the battery is recharged at high voltage (typically greater than 2.30 volts per cell, a 12 volt battery has 6 cells). Valve activation allows some of the active material to escape thus decreasing the overall capacity of the battery.The lids (covers) typically have gas diffusers built into them that allow safe dispersal of any excess hydrogen that may be formed during overcharge. They are not permanently sealed, but are maintenance free; and they can be oriented in any manner, unlike normal lead-acid batteries which must be kept upright to avoid acid spills and to keep the plates’ orientation vertical.

Their specific power is very good and they can be charged and discharged quite rapidly, however their specific energy tends to be lower than traditional flooded batteries. They are often used in high performance electric vehicles due to their high power density.

In cylindrical AGM’s, the plates are thin and wound, like most consumer disposable and rechargeable cells, into spirals so they are also sometimes referred to as spiral wound.

In high grade and military spec AGM’s the plates are thin and hand wrapped in envelopes to discourage short circuiting due to vibration².

AGM, rechargeable batteries usually come in large sizes.

Applications

Most modern motorcycles on the market utilize AGM or factory-sealed AGM batteries for the combined benefits of reduced likelihood of acid-spilling during accidents, and for packaging reasons (lighter, smaller battery to do the same job, battery can be installed at odd angles if needed for the design of the motorcycle).

New 5 series BMWs from March 2007 incorporate AGM batteries in conjunction with devices for recovering brake energy using regenerative braking and a more sophisticated use of computer control to ensure the alternator charges the battery when the car is decelerating.[1]

NASCAR, IHRA, SCORE, and other top racing leagues are continually seeing AGM products introduced into their vehicles. This is due in large part to the fact that these batteries are vibration resistant, and pack power into every pound.
³⁴

Examples

• 1 Optima (Made in and distributed from Denver, Colorado. Subsidiary of Johnson Controls)
• 2 Power Stack & Quanta BatteryPower Stack & Quanta
  
• 3 (http://www.kinetikpower.com)

See also

• Car battery

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A gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum allowable total weight of a road vehicle or trailer that is loaded, including the weight of the vehicle itself plus fuel, passengers, cargo, and trailer tongue weight. In the United States, two important GVWR limitations are 6,000 pounds (2,721 kg) and 8,500 pounds (3,856 kg). Vehicles over 6,000 pounds are restricted from many city roadways (though there is some dispute about whether this restriction is for actual curb weight or GVWR), and vehicles over 8,500 pounds do not have to display EPA estimated fuel mileage or a Monroney sticker nor are they subject to state emissions testing.

Most U.S. cars have a placard (sticker) with this information. It is located typically either in the driver’s side door or doorframe, owners manual, or also may be present on another sticker immediately under the hood near the radiator, although that sticker more typically contains information about the size of the motor, various fluid capacities, etc.

Most U.S. commercial trucks (especially semi-trailer trucks and dump trucks) are required by licensing authorities to have this information printed on the outside of the vehicle and for it to be clearly visible from a specified distance. Many do so by painting these numbers in a large font on the driver’s side of the truck near the door.

Gross weight is often confused with curb weight, which represents the weight of the vehicle with no passengers or cargo. The difference between gross weight and curb weight is the total passenger and cargo weight capacity of the vehicle. For example, a pickup truck with a curb weight of 2000 pounds might have a cargo capacity of 3000 pounds, meaning it can have a gross weight of 5000 pounds when fully loaded.

For vehicles containing no fuel or driver, the gross weight is the sum of the tare weight (the unladen vehicle weight) and the weight of the load carried. For the measuring of loads picked up at a depot or materials yard (such as gravel or rock, or other bulk goods), the weight of the driver, fuel, and existing loads are assumed to be constant between the weighing of the vehicle upon entrance (tare) and laden (gross) upon exit. Such weights are determined by a specialized scale called a weigh bridge, and such scales will usually have a computing function within the display to compute tare weight.

References

• What is GVWR? from about.com

See also

• Gross axle weight rating (GAWR)
• Gross combined weight rating (GCWR)
• Gross trailer weight rating (GTWR)
• Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
• Truck classification

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In linguistics, endophora is a term that means an expression refers to something intralinguistic, i.e. in the same text.

For example, let’s say we are given: “I saw Sally yesterday. She was lying on the beach”. Here “she” is an endophoric expression because it refers to something already mentioned in the text, i.e. “Sally”.

By contrast, “She was lying on the beach,” if it appeared by itself, has an exophoric expression; “she” refers to something that the reader is not told about. That is to say, there is not enough information in the text to independently determine to whom “she” refers. It can refer to someone the speaker assumes his audience has prior knowledge of or it can refer to a person he is showing to his listeners. Without further information, in other words, there is no way of knowing the exact meaning of an exophoric term.

Endophora can be broken into three subcategories: cataphora, anaphora and self-reference.

See also

• Deixis
• Exophora
• Generic antecedents
• Homophora
• Metaphor
• Metonymy
• Synecdoche

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List of cities in Germany: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

“–” in the district column means that the town is an urban district, i.e. a town which constitutes a district in its own right.

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Newman Darby is an American inventor best know as the inventor of the sailboard.

He grew up in Pennsylvania and began building boats when he was 12. His first boat sank, but he fished it out of the Susquehanna River, near his home, and made it into a home for snakes.

He first conceived of a hand-operated square sail attached to a catamaran in 1948, when he was 20. He did not patent it or any of his subsequent models attached to surfboards, and the Californians Jim Drake (a sailor) and Hoyle Schweitzer (a surfer) took out the first patent on their Windsurfer in 1968. The universal sail system with pivotal mast was already in public use from Darby’s invention at that time.

Darby had taught himself to sail a 10-foot model on lakes in high wind between 1964 and 1965. He and his wife, Naomi, organized Darby Industries, Inc. in 1964. His brother, Kenneth, was also active in Darby Industries. However, the Darbys had phased out the production of sailboards by the late 1960s because sales were not going very well.

In the 1980s, Darby received a design patent for a one-person sailboat, the Darby 8 SS sidestep hull. His latest project is called the Windspear, a combination kayak, canoe, and surfboard, with a paddle and fin combination. Darby’s latest design (2006/2007) is being tested, timed and fine tuned.

He and his wife make their home in Saint Johns, Florida.

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Kaijin (literally meaning mysterious person or strange person), is a term used in usually in tokusatsu, which describes humanoid monsters; some are depicted as evil, sadistic, and savage, while some are depicted as extremely unintelligent and sometimes perverse. Eventually, in later shows, there would be many ally kaijin as well.

Kaijin in Tokusatsu

Usually, heroic monsters were from the daikaiju films. It wasn’t until later on that tokusatsu began using kaijin which aided the hero or saved civilians, which became evident in the Kamen Rider Series. There were also some who just hung out with the heroes and provided the comedy relief, most of this happening in Super Sentai. In the West, while the term itself is used to describe many monsters from tokusatsu and Japanese folklore, monsters like vampires, werewolves, Frankenstein’s Monster, mummies, zombies, and other Western entities from Western Mythology, are in this category to an extent, but not most of the time; however, they are credited to the contribution of many tokusatsu kaijin designs.

Types of Kaijin

From Kamen Rider

• Inhumanoid
• Orphenoch
• Undead
• Makamou
• Worm
• Imagin

List of Ally Kaijin

From Kamen Rider

• Mogura Juujin (from Kamen Rider Amazon).
• Kujira Kaijin (from Kamen Rider Black).
• The Renegade Orphenochs (Yuji Kiba the Horse Orphenoch, Naoya Kaido the Snake Orphenoch, and Yuka Osada the Crane Orphenoch from Kamen Rider 555).
• The Royal Club Undeads (Noboru Shima the Tarantula Undead and Jou Hikaru the Tiger Undead from Kamen Rider Blade).
• The Native Worms (Daigo Tachikawa and Shuichi Tadokoro) from Kamen Rider Kabuto.
• Den-O’s and Zeronos’s Imajin (Momotaros, Urataros, Kintaros, and Ryuutaros), Deneb, and Sieg from Kamen Rider Den-O.

From Super Sentai

• The 3 Baka Gorma (Company President Gravestone, Miss Telephone, and Boss Kamikaze; from Gosei Sentai Dairanger).
• Tirianoid #12: Yatsudenwani (Mikoto Nakadai/Abarekiller’s Servant from Bakuryuu Sentai Abaranger)
• Ragi and Akutagami from Boukenger.

From Ultraman Series

• Pygmon
• Child Baltan
• Tiny Baltan
• Lim-Eleking

From the Chouseishin Series

• Ruby from Gransazer
• Blaird, Cyclead, and Aqual from Chousei Kantai Sazer-X.

See also

• Tokusatsu
• Kamen Rider
• Super Sentai
• Metal Heroes

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